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Maritime Decarbonization

Practical Tools, Case Studies and Decarbonization Enablers

Editors: Mikael Lind, Wolfgang Lehmacher, Robert Ward

  • Provides a holistic and structured perspective on the highly complex topic
  • Offers recommendations that governments, industry and other stakeholders can take to drive decarbonization
  • Includes real-life case studies from different parts of the maritime ecosystem
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Book Contents

Foreword
Cleopatra Doumbia-Henry –  

Editors’ note
Mikael Lind –  
Wolfgang Lehmacher –  
Robert Ward –  

Preface – Charting the decarbonization journey
Richard T. Watson –  

Chapter 1 – Broadening the scope of decarbonization in the maritime sector

Alan McKinnon

The opening chapter argues that the scope of maritime decarbonization is much broader than simply repowering ships with low carbon fuels. There are significant opportunities to decarbonize all elements of the maritime transportation and logistics chain. The author of this chapter provides examples and stresses that successful maritime decarbonization will require the application of many mutually-reinforcing measures rather than depending on a few ‘silver bullets’.

Chapter 2 – Decarbonizing the maritime industry – current environmental targets and potential outcomes

Zeeshan Raza, Sukhjit Singh

This chapter discusses the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities for decarbonization. It covers the need for the maritime industry to begin to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions immediately, the fact that a coordinated global approach is required, and that measures are needed to avoid disadvantaging smaller and less developed countries. The chapter authors go on to discuss the role of first-movers in maritime decarbonization, and the need for regulatory mechanisms to underpin decarbonization, and highlight that collaboration across value chains is crucial.

Chapter 3 – The extent of decarbonization in the global shipping fleet

Christopher Pålsson, Torbjörn Rydbergh

This chapter looks at the size and nature of the global fleet over the last two decades and more. The authors of this chapter also identify the extent of decarbonization in the ships that comprise the global fleet today and provide predictions for the likely changes of the fleet over the next five years.

Chapter 4 – Four steps to decarbonization

Mikael Lind, Wolfgang Lehmacher, Jeremy Bentham, Sanjay Kuttan, Kirsi Tikka, and Richard T. Watson

This chapter describes and discusses the four foundational concepts for climate action collapsed into a ‘4-step process’ that can drive strategies, business cases, execution plans, and decision-making. The process covers scenario analysis (context), value chain mapping (scope), enabler prioritisation (focus), and partnership selection (synergies). The authors of this chapter contend that adopting the 4-step process will help businesses and governments drive their decarbonization efforts more effectively and efficiently.

Chapter 5 – Scenario thinking and its place in maritime decarbonization

Jeremy B. Bentham

This chapter describes scenario thinking and provides an understanding of its fundamental value in grappling with uncertainty and strategic decision-making associated with decarbonization. By way of examples, the author of this chapter introduces three use-cases.

Chapter 6 – Adopting a value chain focus to tackle decarbonization

Moritz Petersen, Katharina Renken

This chapter provides information to assist in adopting successful decarbonization roadmaps or decarbonization projects by focussing on value chains. The authors emphasise the importance of understanding the various activities and processes involved in creating value for companies in the maritime sector and their interdependence on other parts of the value chains in which they operate. They emphasise that decarbonization should be seen as a joint undertaking of multiple intertwined value chains. Only with this broad perspective can the available decarbonization enablers be assessed holistically and implemented in the timescale that society is increasingly demanding.

Chapter 7 – Identifying the key decarbonization enablers

Kirsi Tikka, Steve Esau

This chapter identifies and discusses the decarbonization enablers for the maritime industry; technology, practices, zero-carbon fuels, and policies and regulations. Its authors identify a range of maritime decarbonization enablers. Many are already available. Some need additional measures to encourage their uptake. The authors emphasize that improving energy efficiency of the fleet is key to reduce emissions today and to prepare for alternative fuels of tomorrow. The authors also point out that no stakeholder in the maritime ecosystem can decarbonize alone but need to group and collaborate within and beyond the maritime industry.

Chapter 8 – Decarbonizing international shipping through collaborative partnerships

Sanjay Kuttan

This chapter provides information about successful contemporary partnerships and collaboration to help decarbonize international shipping. Its author highlights the challenges of decarbonization, the importance of understanding the different types of partnerships that can exist, and describes some practical contemporary examples of partnerships and collaboration that are addressing decarbonization.

Chapter 9 – How to get started: CDES – a new paradigm for tackling decarbonization projects

Mikael Lind, Wolfgang Lehmacher

This chapter describes the collaboration and digitalisation for economic and societal capital creation (cdes) model. Its authors highlight the power of the paradigm of balanced development and emphasise the importance of also applying a holistic and balanced approach to decarbonization, bringing to the discussion the idea of circularity, which is required for the transition to a no/low greenhouse emission economy. They also discuss the potential role of cdes in the world of shipping and its importance for decarbonization.

Chapter 10 – Scenario thinking – to build business advantages that accelerate decarbonization

Jeremy B. Bentham

This chapter builds on the author’s earlier chapter and provides a greater understanding of how to use scenario thinking practically in strategic decision-making, with a particular focus on decarbonization efforts and the often under-appreciated economic opportunity in choosing to be an early mover.

Chapter 11 – How a value chain approach plays out in maritime decarbonization

Katharina Renken, Moritz Petersen

Decarbonizing shipping means decarbonizing value chains. The authors of this chapter describe the step-by-step value chain approach for bringing models of interdependencies to the table and provide their recommendations on what needs to happen within each value chain to empower decarbonization efforts. They also discuss the critical role of ports in identifying interdependencies between the value chains and driving decarbonization efforts.

Chapter 12 – How to assess decarbonization enablers

Kirsi Tikka, Steve Esau

There is a range of maritime decarbonization enablers available. Those involved in the decarbonization journey must select ones most appropriate for their situation. Decarbonization enablers vary in their maturity, availability, and greenhouse gas reduction potential. The selection and prioritisation of these are therefore important steps in the decarbonization process. The authors of this chapter discuss the decarbonization enablers and their assessment.

Chapter 13 – Effective partnerships to support maritime decarbonization

Mikael Lind, Wolfgang Lehmacher, Sanjay Kuttan, Jillian Carson-Jackson, David Cummins, Margi van Gogh, Torbjörn Rydbergh

Realising the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy, and reaching the Paris Climate Agreement goal requires a holistic and inclusive approach. This chapter discusses setting up and effectively running partnerships to create economic and societal capital. The authors stress that partnering is a core activity in achieving effective decarbonization.

Chapter 14 – Ensuring seafarers are at the heart of decarbonization action

The Maritime Just Transition Task Force Secretariat: Guy Platten, Martha Selwyn, Helio Vicente, Stephen Cotton

Ensuring a Just Transition to a green economy will be vital to ensure no one is left behind. The International Labour Organization’s Just Transition guidelines provide a framework to enable a Just Transition.  In the context of maritime decarbonization, it is vital to ensure that seafarers are appropriately trained for the changing technologies and new low-carbon fuels that are involved. The authors of this chapter discuss the relevant Conventions and initiatives, indicating that governments, employers, and seafarers’ unions all have a role to play in shipping’s Just Transition. The 10-point action plan is included in the chapter.

Chapter 15 – Securing Global Alignment in Regulations Related to Decarbonization

Kirsi Tikka, Steve Esau

Having a sound regulatory framework in place is crucial to providing the maritime industry with the direction it needs to invest in technologies that will advance the decarbonization of the maritime sector and meet the climate change ambitions and targets. The authors of this chapter cover the principle legislative measures in place to support the decarbonization of the maritime transportation industry. They emphasise the importance of global regulations for maritime decarbonization, and in particular, the current IMO and EU regulatory status and principal regulations covering the decarbonization of international shipping.

Chapter 16 – Decarbonise shipping or decarbonise international maritime trade? Legal and contractual considerations

This important chapter explains why no significant maritime decarbonization target is likely to be achieved without a significant re-consideration of the contractual architecture of international maritime trade. The authors, all experienced maritime legal professionals, explain why IMO’s regulations as to the construction and operation of ships are not enough to decarbonise international maritime trade and set out some of the main issues that arise in an array of contracts, ranging from shipbuilding, through to chartering, carriage of goods, insurance, commodities trading, ship management, ship sale and purchase, demolition, and they also examine legal issues arising out of CCS and green corridors.

Chapter 17 – Engaging the global research communities in maritime decarbonization

Teemu Manderbacka, Ellinor Forsström

Research communities have an important role in decarbonizing maritime transport by identifying and developing technologies and strategies that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. The authors of this chapter describe the different types of research available and the related constraints. They point out the need for global research collaboration to satisfy global industry needs and that pilot implementations and demonstrators are necessary to guide the industry in its effort towards maritime decarbonization

Chapter 18 – The implications of circular supply chains and the EU digital product passport in maritime decarbonization

Henrik Hvid Jensen, Henrik Sornn-Friese, Steffen Foldager Jensen, Nicolò Aurisano

The authors of this chapter discuss the implications of the circular economy and the European Union proposed Digital Product Passport (DPP) on the value, manufacture, use, re-use and disposal of materials throughout the maritime transportation value chain. The authors assert that without a competitive global circular economy, the maritime sector will never be able to reach the global climate and environmental ambitions and targets. They explain the principles of a circular economy and provide several examples of how the EU DPP might work and how it will impact the maritime transportation chain.

Chapter 19 – Sustainable finance in the maritime sectorn

Maarten L. Biermans, Willem Bulthuis, Tobias Holl, Boris van Overbeeke

Sustainability has entered the financial sector both as an investment criterion and as an integral part of financial risk management together with the rise of the integration of Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) in investment strategies. The authors of this chapter discuss the various finance models and include observations on the way ahead, covering topics such as the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), the proposed Maritime Fund and the possible use of (voluntary) Carbon Credits. A number of examples are provided of the various green bond issuances, sustainability linked loans, and also venture (corporate) investment initiatives that have emerged in the maritime space.

Chapter 20 – Actions being taken by key segments to meet the decarbonization targets

Kris Kosmala

According to the author of this chapter, moving to a carbon-neutral shipping value chain is going to be complex and require greater effort for different segments of the industry to integrate their efforts across companies’ and business segments’ boundaries. Current decarbonization plans primarily respond to actions of the regulators relevant to each specific segment, but not the industry as a whole. The author discusses the organizational and technology choices companies in each segment have made or will be making to progress their decarbonization plans while still meeting their commercial objectives. Importantly, the author discusses the role of digitalization occurring in the industry and which information technology solutions need to be implemented and improved further to link the segments, be it the ship owners/operators, ports, terminals, or charterers.

Chapter 21 – Maritime decarbonization – actions by cargo owners – the shippers’ perspective

Philip Evans, Audrey Macnab

This chapter presents the decarbonization strategies being adopted by leading cargo owners and their partners to influence the actions and services provided by the maritime sector. Its authors include a number of practical case studies demonstrating actions that shipping companies can take to drive decarbonization based on interviews with key personnel in prominent cargo owner companies, whose aim is to accelerate decarbonization and offer more sustainable freight logistics solutions.

Chapter 22 – Practical decarbonization action being taken by the shipping companies

Teemu Manderbacka, Ulla Tapaninen

Shipping companies are taking concrete actions in driving decarbonisation. This chapter provides case studies demonstrating the actions and is written particularly for shipowners and charterers. In this chapter, the authors advocate shipping companies join coalitions to learn, align and take collective action. They present cases of wind assisted propulsion, energy efficiency improvements with batteries and air-lubrication, auto-mooring systems, port arrival information system and removing cargo from land to an automatic vessel and use of biofuel. These cases show reduced fuel consumption from a few per cent up to 25 per cent.

Chapter 23 – Identifying the Best Low-emission Carriers

Peter Sand, Emily Stausbøll, Dayna Goldman, Torbjörn Rydbergh

The authors of this chapter provide a practical understanding of how the CO2 emissions performance of ships can be monitored using an independent analysis service, thereby enabling shippers, freight forwarders and others to select only those carriers that deliver a proven low emission service operation.

Chapter 24 – Actions by ports to support green maritime operations – a real case study: the Port of Plymouth, UK

Stavros Karamperidis, Dogancan Okumus, Dogancan Uzun, Sefer Anil Gunbeyaz, Osman Turan

Ports have an important part to play in the decarbonization of the different transportation modes that interact with a port by developing suitable infrastructure that both relies on and supplies carbon-free energy. However, this infrastructure will be expensive and not without risk. Before such a transition can take place, ports must consider several aspects – and in particular, what will be the demand for alternative green fuels, and what fuels should or can a port provide. The authors of this chapter explore this by presenting a case study for the Port of Plymouth and its conclusions.

Chapter 25 – Towards ports as energy nodes: strengthening micro energy systems

Mikael Lind, Sandra Haraldson, Wolfgang Lehmacher, Zeeshan Raza, Ellinor Forsström, Linda Astner, Jeremy B. Bentham, Xiuju Fu, Jimmy Suroto, Phanthian Zuesongdam

In this chapter, the authors discuss the transformation of ports into micro energy hubs supplying both ships and port infrastructure, and surrounding areas such as industrial zones, communities, and cities with power. They present a framework for guiding ports on how to fully develop their energy node capabilities and play a role as model energy nodes that will demonstrate and influence the pace of decarbonization locally, regionally, and globally.

Chapter 26 – Decarbonization in shipyard cities – a holistic approach to sustainability assessment

Seyedvahid Vakili

Although around 96% of greenhouse gas emissions occur during the operational phase of a ship, the contribution of the shipbuilding phase to greenhouse gas emissions is expected to increase in view of the energy transition towards zero emission fuels. There is therefore room for improvement in decarbonizing the manufacturing of ships. The author of this chapter reports on the analysis of data about a sample of shipyards, and identifies that the focus on decarbonization is strongest in developed countries and is progressively weaker in shipyards in developing and least developed countries. The author goes on to identify a number of reasons why this is so.

Chapter 27 – Ship engine, equipment and fuel options for decarbonization

Matteo Natali, Rui Rego

This chapter provides fact-based information to support organisations not only in designing their decarbonization strategies but also to support them in their decision-making processes. Its authors elaborate upon the decarbonization alternatives available today that may also help organisations gain a competitive advantage. They discuss how to apply the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), the shift from mono-fuel to multi-fuel, the importance of upgradable fuel flexible technology, Green Corridors, and zero-emission energy distribution.

Chapter 28 – Decarbonization action by energy companies

Steve Esau, Jeremy B. Bentham

An increasing number of energy supply companies are already becoming active in developing the alternative fuels ecosystems for the maritime industry and working with others to do this. This chapter provides insights into the experience of several energy companies through two case-studies of first movers in LNG (liquified natural gas) bunkering and the lessons learned. Its authors identify the opportunities and challenges for forerunners, the significance of transformative collaborations between both private- and public-sector actors in the ecosystem, and the significance of an Anchor Partner in collaborations. They conclude by discussing potential pathways forward.

Chapter 29 – Decarbonization support from digital solutions providers

Pekka Pakkanen, Roberto Vettor

An increasing number of energy supply companies are already becoming active in developing the alternative fuels ecosystems for the maritime industry and working with others to do this. This chapter provides insights into the experience of several energy companies through two case-studies of first movers in LNG (liquified natural gas) bunkering and the lessons learned. Its authors identify the opportunities and challenges for forerunners, the significance of transformative collaborations between both private- and public-sector actors in the ecosystem, and the significance of an Anchor Partner in collaborations. They conclude by discussing potential pathways forward.

Chapter 30 – The in-house production of biofuel by shipping companies – a case study

Mia Hytti, Petri Rautanen, Jessica Saari, Minna Suuronen, Riinu Walls

The authors of this chapter describe the experience of a company that successfully produces in-house biofuel for its ships. In discussing the issues surrounding biofuels, they note that most marine biofuel alternatives can replace fossil distillates, but that standardisation is required for these fuels.

Chapter 31 – Establishing green corridors to accelerate the use of alternative fuels

Johan Byskov Svendsen, Elizabeth Petit Martha Selwyn, Anne Katrine Bjerregaard

This chapter discusses Green Corridors, their initial proposal from COP26, potential impact and associated issues. The authors discuss a generic framework for bringing green corridors from idea to execution, particularly the first two phases of the framework: pre-feasibility and feasibility. The framework allows for a fast and transparent maturation, as demonstrated on more advanced Green Corridors in Chile, East Australia-New Zealand, Gothenburg, and between Rotterdam and Singapore, some of which are presented as case studies.

Chapter 32 – The Getting to Zero Coalition Story

Mette Asmussen, Randall Krantz, Ingrid Sidenvall Jegou

This chapter tells the story of how the Getting to Zero Coalition came about, expanded its ambitions, and grew into a leading coalition for maritime decarbonization. Leveraging complementary resources and skills across organisations, and motivating business and governments to drive action, it has inspired this hard-to-abate sector to progress in only four years.

Chapter 33 – Highlights of the book – a menu of possible actions for decarbonization today and tomorrow

Wolfgang Lehmacher, Mikael Lind, Gavin Allwright Jeremy Bentham David Cummins, Theo Notteboom, Johan Byskov Svendsen, Kirsi Tikka, Louise De Tremerie

A number of the individual chapter authors have come together to provide an extended summary of many of the key points made in the book. This chapter provides a menu of possible actions for the reader to select from in pursuing their own decarbonization activities. It is also a way for the reader to identify which of the chapters are particularly relevant to them if they wish to delve deeper into particular subjects.

Chapter 34 – The destination – a vision of a climate neutral future

Wolfgang Lehmacher, Mikael Lind, Lars Jensen, Louise de Tremiere

The closing chapter provides a final overview on the state of decarbonization and green transition today, how we can decarbonize and work towards a zero greenhouse gas emissions maritime sector, and what it could look like. Its authors reiterate many of the recurring themes in the book, particularly the need for collective and collaborative action, partnerships, and the need to take action NOW.

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  • Shipping decarbonization will require a portfolio of levers covering both fleet efficiency and alternative fuels. Shipping companies need to work out which of those levers to pull, in a combination that makes economic sense. Specific pathways are still uncertain, and the industry players face tough choices around retrofitting, buying new vessels, and securing green-fuel bunkering supply. There is no one-size-fits-all strategy, but the most suitable course of action will have to be defined based on individual ambitions, boundary conditions and operational needs. This is what the book Maritime Decarbonization Practical Tools, Case Studies and Decarbonization Enablers is all about: exploring the available options for a commercially viable decarbonization path for the maritime sector in the decades ahead. The book also presents different perspectives on how regulatory compliance can be turned into a competitive advantage through the use of available technologies.

    Rui Rego
    General Manager Strategy Development and Business Modelling, Wärtsilä Marine Power

  • Decarbonization in the maritime industry is one of the challenges at hand in shipping. It is crucial to understand that a positive sustainable future requires decision-makers, researchers, and experts to work in a combined and coordinated effort to address various tasks along the (maritime) supply chain. This book gives vision and guidance on how to understand and jointly overcome difficulties on the way to a cleaner and greener shipping industry.

    Dr. Katharina Renken
    Hapag-Lloyd AG | Terminal Partnering

  • The future of the maritime sector is to be climate neutral. Taking ambitious action to achieve this is necessary and will mean navigating risks and opportunities as well as activating green jobs with safe and fair working conditions. Collaboration, forming strong cooperative networks and sharing best practices is key and this book brings together a range of insights as well as demonstrating case studies that show that the route towards carbon neutrality is open.

    Dr. Louise De Tremerie
    Transport Policy Advisor, European Parliament

  • Decarbonization is a necessary state change for the world economy. It will result in cheaper energy, cleaner air, and reduce carbon emissions. Maritime Decarbonization makes an important contribution to this essential transition, and I hope it encourages other practitioner and scholars to combine to publish their industry-oriented version of decarbonization.

    Richard Watson
    Research Director at Digital Frontier Partners & Regents Professor Emeritus at The University of Georgia

  • The decarbonization of the global maritime transport system needs to proceed with urgency while being mindful of its importance to the global economy. This requires a holistic approach that addresses the challenges from many different angles, based on collaboration and learning from each other. This book - Maritime Decarbonization - provides an impressive foundation of perspectives and viewpoints to move the mission forward.

    Kirsi Tikka
    Board Director

  • This book unlocks the path to a sustainable maritime industry, offering expert analysis and practical steps for achieving decarbonization. It empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions and take aligned actions, fuelling a zero-carbon future where the maritime sector thrives. A must-have tool for policymakers, industry professionals, and decarbonization researchers, this book is the compass that navigates the challenges and opportunities of a greener tomorrow.

    Zeeshan Raza
    Industrial researcher, Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE)

  • The text is a collaborative work of industry practitioners and academics in addressing the issues, challenges and opportunities associated with decarbonizing the shipping industry and promoting sustainability. A recommended read if you are new to the complexities of maritime decarbonization.

    Sukhjit Singh
    Head of School (Maritime Science), University of Gibraltar

  • Decarbonizing the maritime industry is a gigantic undertaking, requiring all hands on deck. This book provides an in-depth analysis of what we need to do to change course as soon as possible.

    Moritz Petersen
    Assistant Professor of Sustainable Supply Chain Practice, Kuehne Logistics University

  • Our chapter on digital analysis and support focuses on the operational measures that will be essential in reaching mid-term decarbonization targets. Over 50% of the emissions budget for shipping is expected to be spent in this decade, long before zero fuels become available at any meaningful scale. Thus, today’s fleet will be releasing the vast majority of those emissions - so, unless we reduce GHG emissions from ships on the water now, there is no hope of meeting a 1.5°C target.

    Roberto Vettor
    Senior Research and Innovation Manager, NAPA

  • Decarbonizing the hard-to-abate sector of shipping is one of the most complex challenges of the 21st century – but the solutions are here. We’re proud to be part of this huge collection of expertise that will be an invaluable resource for anyone looking to make sense of the varied challenges and technologies we face along the journey to a low carbon shipping industry.

    Pekka Pakkanen
    Executive vice president, Shipping Solutions, NAPA

  • The global focus on climate change will have a significant impact on shipping activities. The impact will come in two waves. The first one is the decarbonization of ship operations and the second one is the transportation of energy commodities, in other words - what to transport. This book sheds light on the challenges and opportunities from the decarbonization of shipping activities and is valuable not only to me and my organisation, but to most professionals in and outside the shipping cluster.

    Christopher Pålsson
    Managing Director and Partner, maritime-insight

  • The book ‘Maritime Decarbonization: Practical Tools, Case Studies and Decarbonization Enablers’ is an inspiring journey through the vast spectrum of objectives, challenges, and opportunities that lie ahead. It serves as a source of knowledge, guiding maritime professionals, academics, and public authorities toward a holistic understanding of the fundamental transformation awaiting the maritime sector in the forthcoming years. More than a mere collection of theories and concepts, ‘Maritime Decarbonization’ is a practical guide that equips readers with the tools and insights needed to drive tangible change. The authors' expertise, honed through years of experience and research, ensures that every word resonates with authority and practicality, empowering readers to forge their own path toward a decarbonized maritime industry. Whether you are an industry professional seeking to stay ahead of the curve, an academic yearning for a comprehensive overview, or a public authority grappling with policy decisions, this book is your compass in the uncharted waters of maritime decarbonization.

    Ulla Tapaninen
    Tenured Associate Professor, TalTech – Tallinn University of Technology

  • On the way towards CO2 free shipping, the book ‘Maritime Decarbonization: Practical Tools, Case Studies and Decarbonization Enablers’ brings together all the aspects that must be taken into account from the different stakeholders of the maritime industry. It lays the foundation to the important endeavour of the green transition, highlighting the potential of existing technologies together with collaborative mindsets. From perspectives to conceptual approaches, defining critical success factors and concrete case studies of initiatives, the book is essential reading for anyone in and around the maritime industry.

    Teemu Manderbacka
    Research Team Leader, VTT

  • Establishing a well-defined target is key for collaborative partnership, where the collective effort can be sharply focussed on the problem statement and a common agenda. I am grateful for the opportunity to share our practical experience via our projects here at the Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation.

    Dr Sanjay C Kuttan
    Chief Technology Officer, Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation, Singapore

  • Decarbonization of shipping depends on innovations in the fields of fuel chemistry, naval engineering, shore equipment engineering and information management technologies. Each company operating in the shipping industry will take their own path toward their own goals and proceed along their own timelines. At some point the actions of each actor need to meet and intertwine. This book should give each reader a clear understanding how that process of integration can play out over the next few decades.

    Kris Kosmala
    Marine Digital

  • The collective challenge of decarbonizing the maritime industry is like the butterfly effect: a small change in policy is set to have radical and far-reaching consequences across multiple layers of contracts, relationships and practices. Contributing to this book, scraping the surface of what it means to decarbonize, has been a tremendous experience in bringing together industry and legal knowledge to the benefit of the community.

    Andrew Rigden Green
    Partner, Stephenson Harwood LLP

  • Maritime decarbonization is about marine trade. Trade that, despite all odds, needs to reach the zero emissions target – not today, not tomorrow, but yesterday. It can only be achieved through a complex network of advanced technologies, different approaches and methodologies being deployed, varied and innovative thinking and through a resourceful and interactive legal taxonomy that will apply on a global scale. This book is a fantastic example of the holistic approach that is required to achieve the decarbonization of marine trade and it is a key reference for anyone who is interested or involved in the process.

    Dora Mace-Kokota
    Partner, Stephenson Harwood LLP

  • The maritime industry now understands the need to decarbonize, but the question is how. This book identifies possible solutions and new approaches needed to revolutionise our centuries-old trade. For a marine insurer, it provides a fantastic overview of the likely new risks and opportunities that will arise on the voyage to a decarbonized future.

    Neil Henderson
    Industry and Corporate Relations, Gard AS

  • A book for those interested in going beyond the platitudes and the headlines.

    Haris Zografakis
    Partner, Stephenson Harwood LLP

  • The  Carbon Emissions Index (CEI) from Xeneta and Marine Benchmark, described in the book on Maritime Decarbonization, allows shipper to give credit to the carriers that have a proven track record of industry low emissions - and/or a track record of improving their performance. The CEI allows for an informed, neutral and unbiased dialogue between supply chain stakeholders on how the transportation of goods can be decarbonized.

    Peter Sand
    Chief Analyst, Xeneta

  • Maritime decarbonization is much more than a buzzword, it’s a business opportunity for the entire ocean shipping industry, particularly those that ship containerised goods. Consumers are no longer asking for greener supply chains, they’re demanding them. Luckily, there are lots of solutions already available for these companies to take advantage of, including Xeneta’s Carbon Emissions Index, which will revolutionise the way shippers, forwarders and carriers work together.

    Dayna Goldman
    Senior Product Marketing Manager, Xeneta

  • This book highlights the crucial pieces of the puzzle that are needed in order to succeed with the green transition of maritime transport. A ‘must read’ for all in the business.

    Ellinor Forsström
    Project Manager and Researcher, Research Institutes of Sweden

  • The book is important for SEA-LNG as it enables us to share learnings from first movers who have pioneered the introduction of LNG as a marine fuel - the first attempt to provide a new solution to the way the international shipping fleet is propelled and fuelled since the replacement of coal by fuel oil in the first half of the last century. We hope that by sharing these lessons learned we are able to help to accelerate the process of maritime decarbonization.

    Steve Esau
    Director, Greenpoint Strategy Limited & Valence Solution

  • This publication will act as a useful resource that lays out why it is so important that the entirety of the maritime value chain collaborates to navigate the changing landscape ahead. I highly recommend this publication if you want to find out from expert voices how we can successfully decarbonize shipping with seafarers front of mind, including practical recommendations on how we can ensure a just-transition for all seafarers.

    Guy Platten
    Secretary General, International Chamber of Shipping

  • Decarbonization is at the top of the shipping industry’s agenda and we can only achieve our goals by the whole industry collaborating to address this challenge. This book brings together the different areas of the shipping industry into one compact resource, that offers expert insight on decarbonizing the maritime sector. This includes insight into how we can ensure our seafarers remain at the heart of the decarbonization journey. They are the people who will be making it all possible, and we cannot forget them.

    Helio Vicente
    International Chamber of Shipping

  • With up to 800,000 seafarers requiring some form of training or familiarisation by 2030 to operate the low- and zero-carbon ships of tomorrow, it is more urgent than ever for us all to come together – unions, employers, government – and debate what kind of future we want for our sector and its people. This book brings together many of voices who are critical to shaping a Just Transition for seafarers, which puts workers at the centre of plans to climate-proof jobs. For anyone interested in how far a sector can get when you begin to put people and planet first, I’d highly recommend they start by reading this book. It shows how collaboration on maritime decarbonization can help address the climate crisis as we chart a course of hope.

    Stephen Cotton
    General Secretary, International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF)

  • Shipping urgently needs to decarbonize in line with IPCC science to support the global community in meeting the 1.5°C target of the Paris Agreement in a way that is fair, equitable and just to workers, communities and countries. This book provides a comprehensive and holistic overview of the state of play for the shipping industry - showcasing the important collaborations and initiatives which will be so vital for the maritime industry to contribute meaningfully to cutting its global emissions.

    Martha Selwyn
    United Nations Global Compact

  • We have just one… our planet. We have a responsibility to our planet and to future generations. This book provides critical insights as we raise awareness, take action and chart our course towards a clean and sustainable maritime industry.

    Jillian Carson-Jackson
    Immediate Past President, The Nautical Institute

  • Global decarbonization is a mandatory task for all industries. Shipping is challenged by being a hard-to-abate industry, but that should not stop us – it should motivate for collaboration. The hands-on guidelines and case studies presented in Maritime Decarbonization Practical Tools, Case Studies and Decarbonization Enablers are essential for enabling the transition at the pace required.

    Anne Katrine Bjerregaard, Head of Strategy, Sustainability & ESG
    Johan Byskov Svendsen, Program Manager for Enabling First Movers in Decarbonizing Global Shipping, Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping

  • Maritime Decarbonization - Practical Tools, Case Studies and Decarbonization Enablers will help the PROW Capital Green Shipping Fund to further accelerate the decarbonization of shipping.

    Maarten Biermans, Founding Partner and Tobias Holl, Investment Analyst, PROW Capital, The Netherlands
    Willem Bulthuis, Corporate Ventures Advisory GmbH, Germany, Boris van Overbeeke, Consultant ESG & Sustainability, MJ Hudson, The Netherlands

  • Since ancient times, ports have been “safe harbours” from various forms of turbulence, natural or otherwise. Today, ports can and should still provide sanctuary and relief to ongoing disruptions and challenges, including decarbonization and a transition to clean energy. The chapter on ports as energy nodes, and many others, provide a clear and practical blueprint to do just that.

    Jimmy Suroto
    Assistant Vice President (Group Commercial), PSA International Pte Ltd

  • The campaign for maritime decarbonization holds immense importance in the global fight against climate change, given its vast operational scale and interconnectedness within the worldwide maritime shipping network. This book on maritime decarbonization comprises valuable inputs and insights from domain experts, offering comprehensive and guiding information to drive collaborative efforts within the maritime ecosystem and support the campaign. Furthermore, it has the potential to create a spill-over effect, encouraging cooperation and collaboration among other sectors as well.

    Xiuju Fu
    Maritime AI Programme Director, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore

  • One way or another, decarbonization is happening. Viewed through the right lenses, this brings a series of opportunities rather than just costs as all economic sectors are reshaped. This book provides clear, well-focussed lenses for everyone involved in the maritime industry to help them navigate the turbulent times ahead.

    Jeremy Bentham
    Co-Chair & Senior Advisor at World Energy Council and retired Shell Scenarios leader

  • Inspiring, educational and visionary. Maritime Decarbonization - Practical Tools, Case Studies and Decarbonization Enablers effectively summarises the keys to accelerating the maritime sector’s transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. Combining a platform of value chain-wide collaboration and innovation, the solution to maritime decarbonization is clearly presented as a fundamental shift to holistic systems thinking, involving every direct and indirect stakeholder across the maritime value chain. This publication is an excellent resource and will serve as a ready reference to assist the transition of all transport sectors over the coming decades.

    David H. Cummins
    President and CEO, Blue Sky Maritime Coalition

  • This book on maritime decarbonization is a must read for all those who want to get a multi-dimensional and multi-stakeholder picture of the many aspects affecting our journey to a zero-carbon shipping world.

    Theo Notteboom
    Professor of Port and Maritime Economics, University of Antwerp

  • A competitive circular economy is a prerequisite for reaching global climate and environmental goals. The maritime industry will, as a central middleman in the trading of goods, be key to achieving global circularity. The chapter on Maritime Circularity explains why the maritime sector must collaborate to accelerate the global implementation of the digital product passports (DPP) that will be the foundation for maritime circularity.

    Henrik Hvid Jensen
    Chief Technology Strategist for Nordics, Eastern Europe, DXC Technology

  • The maritime sector plays an indispensable role in global trade and transportation but at the same time is a substantial contributor to GHG emissions. Understanding the challenges and potential solutions for reducing GHG emissions in our sector is crucial. This book gives invaluable insights into decarbonizing the maritime industry, including concrete examples and successful initiatives. By equipping ourselves with knowledge on this subject, we can actively contribute to the ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change and guarantee a sustainable future.

    Nicolo Aurisano
    Sustainability & LCA Specialist at A.P. Moller - Maersk

  • As maritime decarbonization continues to gain momentum globally, this book will be a valuable educational resource at our university, in our shipping and maritime programs and in courses with a non-sectoral approach to sustainability, decarbonization and circular economy. Its comprehensive coverage of maritime decarbonization from different perspectives, combined with its fresh insights, make it ideal for our teaching, providing students with the knowledge and tools necessary to contribute to a more sustainable future for the maritime industry.

    Henrik Sornn-Friese
    Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, and MPA Professor in Maritime Business at Singapore Management University

  • Multi-stakeholder dialogues and stakeholder collaboration are at the heart of the World Economic Forum’s mission, and the opportunity to apply these to a crucial challenge like maritime decarbonization is of great importance. This book is a testament to many bold actions from industry and initiatives that have and will continue to impact the shipping industry.

    Mette Asmussen
    Lead Maritime Sector Initiatives, World Economic Forum

  • There is no more pressing issue in shipping than maritime decarbonization and the drive towards zero-emissions. This book is a very timely look at what this means across the industry. It includes methods and approaches on scaling, thought-provoking analysis and case studies that help to breathe life into the pathways we are currently debating. In my daily work dealing with wind propulsion uptake in shipping we see huge potential to accelerate and strengthen decarbonization efforts, but there is the ever-present danger of becoming siloed in your thinking. This book is an important insight into the workings of the other silos, but even more importantly takes the reader out of theirs, and helps link these together. The authors include many of the thought leaders in the field of decarbonization, which makes it a must-read, based on that alone, but it is also a book that speaks to the possible, to the delivery of ambitious targets and that take-away makes it all the more current and all the more readable.

    Gavin Allwright
    Secretary General, International Windship Association (IWSA)

  • Maritime Decarbonization - what is required and what can be done? We invited over 70 practitioners and researchers to pass on their observations, knowledge and practical experiences in tackling the pressing challenge of maritime decarbonization. We think that their input provides a fundamental base and a guide for accelerated action by those operating across the decarbonization ecosystem.

    Imagen de Mikael Lind, Wolfgang Lehmacher, and Robert Ward
    Mikael Lind, Wolfgang Lehmacher, and Robert Ward
    Editors of the book on Maritime Decarbonization